Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law

Implementation of Inclusive Education Policies for Persons with Disabilities

Fri, 10 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background. Limited access to education for people with disabilities in Indonesia, especially in Cirebon City, is still a serious issue that causes social and economic inequality. Inclusive education is a strategic solution to ensure equal rights, but its implementation in the field is often not optimal.

Purpose. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of inclusive education policies in SLB Negeri in Cirebon City based on effectiveness, efficiency, and responsiveness.

Methods. The method used is normative juridical with a descriptive approach, focusing on Law No. 8 of 2016 and Cirebon City Regional Regulation No. 10 of 2023.

Result. The study's results show that the policy has not been implemented optimally due to limited human resources, infrastructure, minimal teacher training, and complex bureaucracy. In addition, there is still inequality between Public and Private SLBs.

Conclusion. Based on William N. Dunn's policy evaluation, this policy has been ineffective and unresponsive. It is necessary to increase the budget, train educators, simplify the bureaucracy, and strengthen the monitoring and evaluation system. Implementation. This study recommends improving regulations and cross-sectoral collaboration to ensure equal access to education for people with disabilities.

Optimization of Legal Policies Against Trademark Rights Violations Based On Restitution

Grace Putri Hastino, Elina Fauziah, Vina Maylani, Teddy Asmara, Ari Nurhaqi — Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background. Trademark counterfeiting is a significant violation of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)and has emerged as an important issue within the legal and economic framework

Purpose. This research aims to analyse the basic concept of trademark infringement and how to optimize legal policy against restitution-based trademark infringement.

Methods. Using normative juridical research method (doctrinal) with a descriptive and analytical nature, data collection techniques are done through literature review, content analysis, and case studies with qualitative analysis.

Result. The results show that trademark infringement is an economic criminal offence that significantly harms the owner. Law Number 20 of 2016 still focuses on criminal punishment without guaranteeing the recovery of victims' losses.

Conclusion. Therefore, restitution as part of criminal sanctions is very important to realise complete justice. Implementation. By integrating restitution into the criminal process, Indonesian law can better protect intellectual property rights and provide fair and adequate protection for brand owners.

Law Enforcement Against the Eradication of Thuggery in Brimob Company 2, Battalion A, Buntu Bedimbar Village, Tanjung Morawa District, Deli Serdang Regency

Abdul Muharram Henry, Herlina Hanum Harahap — Fri, 10 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background. The phenomenon of thuggery in Indonesia, particularly in Deli Serdang Regency, continues to grow, even amidst increasingly difficult economic conditions and rising unemployment. These ongoing incidents of thuggery seriously disrupt public order and security.

Objective. The aim of this research is to provide a general overview of the police's efforts in maintaining public security and order, enforcing the law, and providing protection, maintenance and services to the community in order to maintain security.

Method. The research method used in this thesis is empirical legal research. Empirical legal research can also be called sociological legal research and field research. Sociological legal research is based on primary data.

Results. Law enforcement against thuggery in the Mobile Brigade Unit 2, Battalion A, Buntu Bedimbar Village, Tanjung Morawa District, Deli Serdang Regency, has been adjusted to the substance of the Criminal Code (KUHP) itself. Because thuggery refers to several acts, it will be processed based on the crimes committed.

Conclusion. Law enforcement against thuggery still faces obstacles. These obstacles include: Internal and External constraints, such as inadequate facilities and infrastructure, disrupted information networks, a lack of evidence and witnesses, and public apathy in assisting the police.

Liability in Autonomous Vehicle Accidents: Crafting New Legal Norms for a Driverless Future in Indonesia

Kemmala Dewi, Zain Nizam, Rashid Rahman — Sun, 05 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background. The emergence of autonomous vehicles (AVs) presents a transformative challenge to traditional legal systems that were constructed around human-driven transportation. In Indonesia, where the regulatory framework for vehicle liability remains rooted in fault-based principles, the advent of driverless technology demands a fundamental rethinking of accountability, risk distribution, and consumer protection.

Purpose. This study aims to examine the legal implications of AV accidents and propose a model for liability allocation that aligns with Indonesia’s socio-legal context and evolving technological landscape.

Method. Using a qualitative normative legal research method, the study analyzes statutory frameworks, comparative legal systems, and case precedents from jurisdictions that have begun regulating autonomous mobility.

Results. The findings indicate that existing Indonesian traffic and consumer laws inadequately address the complexities of autonomous decision-making and manufacturer responsibility. A hybrid liability framework combining strict product liability with adaptive insurance mechanisms is proposed to balance technological innovation with public safety.

Conclusion. The research concludes that establishing comprehensive legislation on AV accountability is essential for fostering legal certainty, ethical responsibility, and technological trust. These legal norms must evolve in tandem with technological progress to ensure justice in a driverless future.

Effectiveness of Carbon Tax as a Legal Norm for Industrial Decarbonization: A Critical Policy Review in Indonesia

Som Chai, Napat Chai, Ton Kiat, Andi Andi — Tue, 07 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background. Industrial activities are a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in Indonesia, posing significant challenges for environmental sustainability and climate policy. Carbon taxation has emerged globally as a legal and economic instrument to incentivize industrial decarbonization, but its effectiveness within the Indonesian regulatory and economic context remains underexplored.

Purpose. Understanding the strengths, limitations, and implementation challenges of carbon tax as a legal norm is critical for designing policies that achieve emissions reduction without undermining industrial competitiveness.

Method. Findings indicate that while carbon taxation has potential to drive emission reductions, challenges such as policy ambiguity, compliance enforcement, and economic impacts on industries limit its current effectiveness.

Results. Findings indicate that while carbon taxation has potential to drive emission reductions, challenges such as policy ambiguity, compliance enforcement, and economic impacts on industries limit its current effectiveness.

Conclusion. The study concludes that successful implementation requires a coherent legal framework, transparent regulatory mechanisms, and integration with complementary environmental policies. Strengthening institutional capacity and ensuring stakeholder engagement are essential for maximizing the efficacy of carbon tax as a tool for industrial decarbonization.

Harmonizing Customary Law (Hukum Adat) with State Law in Natural Resource Management: A Case Study of Forest Communities in Kalimantan

Dara Vann, Vanna Sok, Rithy Vann, Arief Fahmi Lubis — Thu, 09 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background. The tension between customary law (hukum adat) and state law in natural resource management remains a central issue in Indonesia’s environmental governance, particularly in forest areas inhabited by indigenous communities. Customary practices have historically governed access, ownership, and conservation of forest resources, yet their legitimacy often conflicts with state-imposed regulatory frameworks that prioritize national economic interests.

Purpose. The research aims to analyze the harmonization of customary and state legal systems in forest management within Kalimantan, exploring the juridical and sociocultural mechanisms that facilitate or hinder coexistence.

Method. A qualitative socio-legal research design was employed, integrating field observations, interviews with community leaders, and document analysis of statutory and customary legal instruments.

Results. The findings reveal that effective harmonization depends on legal recognition of adat rights, participatory governance, and adaptive legal pluralism that bridges traditional norms with modern regulatory structures. However, conflicts persist due to overlapping jurisdiction, bureaucratic rigidity, and extractive economic policies.

Conclusion. The study concludes that sustainable forest governance requires an inclusive legal framework that institutionalizes customary law as a complementary not subordinate component of environmental regulation.