IOT-DRIVEN SMART MOSQUES: INTEGRATING ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND WORSHIP EXPERIENCE
Article Sidebar
-
Environmental Monitoring, IoT, Worship Experience
Abstract
The increasing demand for sustainable and technologically adaptive public infrastructure has accelerated interest in integrating Internet of Things (IoT) systems into mosque environments. Mosques, as central religious and community institutions, require solutions that improve environmental performance while supporting the spiritual experience of worshippers. This study aims to develop an analytical framework that explains how IoT technologies can enhance both environmental sustainability and worship experience within mosque settings. A qualitative research design was employed, combining document analysis, thematic coding, and case-based evaluation of mosques that have implemented smart systems such as automated lighting, HVAC control, water monitoring, and environmental sensing. The findings show that IoT integration produces measurable reductions in energy and water consumption, improves indoor air quality, enhances spatial organization during prayer, and contributes to higher levels of comfort and engagement among worshippers. The study concludes that IoT-enabled smart mosques represent a viable model for aligning technological innovation with Islamic values of environmental stewardship and community welfare. The proposed framework offers practical guidance for architects, policymakers, and mosque administrators seeking sustainable and spiritually attuned digital transformation.
Full text article
References
Agrawal, T., Pompoes, R., Verzijl, A., Srinivasan, V., Nair, J., Huijbens, E., Kannadhasan, K., Chokkalingam, K., & Murugan, V. (2024). Creating Kaveri Delta beneath our feet: An experiment in grounding socio-hydrology in Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of Hydrology, 644, 131896. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131896
Alam, M. J., Molla, C., Misbauddin, S. M., Hossen, M. A., & Golder, U. (2025). Determinants of adopting web-based systems for e-waste management and ensuring sustainable environment: Evidence from Bangladesh. Cleaner Waste Systems, 11, 100282. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100282
Aldemir, A., & Leurs, K. (2024). Racism and discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experiences of Turkish migrant women in the Netherlands. Women’s Studies International Forum, 106, 102972. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2024.102972
Almutairi, N., & Elhanashi, A. (2025). Leveraging IoT and dedicated social networks to enhance mosque role and activities management in Saudi Arabia. Digital Business, 5(2), 100151. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.digbus.2025.100151
Alva, P., Mosteiro-Romero, M., Miller, C., & Stouffs, R. (2024). Mitigating operational greenhouse gas emissions in ageing residential buildings using an Urban Digital Twin dashboard. Energy and Buildings, 322, 114681. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114681
Ceccarelli, C., Branda, F., Scarpa, F., Giovanetti, M., Ciccozzi, M., & Ceccarelli, G. (2025). Adaptive urban and architectural strategies for infectious disease resilience: The exceptional convergence of the 2025 Jubilee and Papal events in Rome, Italy. Mass Gathering Medicine, 4, 100031. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mgmed.2025.100031
Chen, B., Chen, Z., Liu, X. C., & Yi, Z. (2024). Bayesian inference-based spatiotemporal modeling with interim activities for EV charging etiquette. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 127, 104060. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104060
Dao, J., Ng, S. T., & Kwok, C. Y. (2024). Interlinking BIM and GIS data for a semantic pedestrian network and applications in high-density cities. Developments in the Built Environment, 17, 100367. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dibe.2024.100367
El Hafdaoui, H., Khallaayoun, A., & Al-Majeed, S. (2025). Renewable energies in Morocco: A comprehensive review and analysis of current status, policy framework, and prospective potential. Energy Conversion and Management: X, 26, 100967. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100967
Fernando, Y., Eing, G. C., & Wahyuni-TD, I. S. (2024). Metaverse-supply chain and halal behavior: bibliometric analysis, framework and implications. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 16(4), 1174–1208. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-07-2023-0228
Haruehansapong, K., Krodsuea, A., Muangthong, P., Jaiphaeo, N., Phutson, T., Tipsavak, A., Yeranee, K., Sahoh, B., & Kliangkhlao, M. (2025). Ultrafine particle concentration modeling from incense burning: An interpretable machine learning approach using ambient indoor conditions. Journal of Building Engineering, 116, 114623. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114623
Homer, S. T., Berezina, E. B., & Gill, C. M. H. D. (2025). Urban futures through young eyes: Concept mapping youth visions of tomorrow’s cities. Futures, 173, 103677. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2025.103677
Ibrahim, Syamsidik, Azmeri, & Hasan, M. (2024). Tsunami fragility based characterisation of mosques as alternatives tsunami evacuation buildings: Reconstructing evidence from the 2004 Indian ocean tsunami. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 100, 104149. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.104149
Karakoltzidis, A., Agalliadou, A., Kermenidou, M., Nikiforou, F., Chatzimpaloglou, A., Feleki, E., Karakitsios, S., Gotti, A., & Sarigiannis, D. ?. (2025). Agent-based modelling: A stochastic approach to assessing personal exposure to environmental pollutants – Insights from the URBANOME project. Science of The Total Environment, 967, 178804. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178804
Keshmiry, A., Hassani, S., Dackermann, U., & Li, J. (2024). Assessment, repair, and retrofitting of masonry structures: A comprehensive review. Construction and Building Materials, 442, 137380. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.137380
Khayamim, R., Moses, R., Ozguven, E. E., Borowska-Stefa?ska, M., Wi?niewski, S., & Dulebenets, M. A. (2025). Swarm intelligence applications for emergency evacuation planning: state of the art, recent developments, and future research opportunities. Swarm and Evolutionary Computation, 96, 102009. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.swevo.2025.102009
Kinne, J., Dehghan, R., Schmidt, S., Lenz, D., & Hottenrott, H. (2024). Location factors and ecosystem embedding of sustainability-engaged blockchain companies in the US. A web-based analysis. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 4(2), 100287. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2024.100287
Kurata, L., Ayanwale, M. A., Molefi, R. R., & Sanni, T. (2025). Teaching religious studies with artificial intelligence: A qualitative analysis of Lesotho secondary schools teachers’ perceptions. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 8, 100417. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2024.100417
Liu, Y., Francis, A., Hollauer, C., Lawson, M. C., Shaikh, O., Cotsman, A., Bhardwaj, K., Banboukian, A., Li, M., Webb, A., & Asensio, O. I. (2023). Reliability of electric vehicle charging infrastructure: A cross-lingual deep learning approach. Communications in Transportation Research, 3, 100095. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commtr.2023.100095
Mathe, S. E., Kondaveeti, H. K., Vappangi, S., Vanambathina, S. D., & Kumaravelu, N. K. (2024). A comprehensive review on applications of Raspberry Pi. Computer Science Review, 52, 100636. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosrev.2024.100636
Mohammed, A. S., Amoah, C., Abbas, J., & Naayif, S. (2025). Facilities managers vs. mosque management committees: evaluating the need for professional facilities management in mosque operations. Facilities, 43(56), 363–396. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/F-07-2024-0102
Moufid, O., Praharaj, S., Jarar Oulidi, H., & Momayiz, K. (2025). A digital twin platform for the cocreation of urban regeneration projects. A case study in Morocco. Habitat International, 161, 103427. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2025.103427
Muta, L. F., Melo, A. P., & Lamberts, R. (2025). Enhancing energy performance assessment and labeling in buildings: A review of BIM-based approaches. Journal of Building Engineering, 103, 112089. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112089
Panjikkaran, A. J., Middey, A., & Majumdar, D. (2025). Fingerprints of festive emissions on PM2.5 in an urban metropolis: Carbonaceous species, metals, and aerosol acidity. Urban Climate, 64, 102635. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102635
Paul, S., Chakraborty, D., & Tripathi, A. K. (2025). Frontline extension services as a buffer against social vulnerability to climate change: A case study of shifting cultivators in Northeast India. Journal of Environmental Management, 377, 124607. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124607
Qahtan, A. M., Al-Tamimi, N., Baklouti, I., & Almasri, R. A. (2025). A comprehensive review of water-based passive cooling for building envelopes in arid climates: A biomimicry-inspired approach. Journal of Building Engineering, 114, 114296. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114296
Raby, A., Pomonis, A., Suppasri, A., Adams, K., Açikg?z, N., Baiguera, M., Idris, Y., Latcharote, P., Marafini, F., McGovern, D., Meilianda, E., Mistry, H., Nurdin, S., Opabola, E., Ornthammarath, T., Trumikaborworn, N., & Rossetto, T. (2025). Approaches to post-tsunami coastal reconstruction: Comparisons across Indonesia, Thailand, and Japan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 117, 105138. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.105138
Renukappa, S., Suresh, S., Shetty, N., Gandhi, L., Abdalla, W., Yabbati, N., & Hiremath, R. (2023). The role of smart cities in managing the COVID-19 outbreak in India. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 14(5), 1459–1482. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-09-2023-0262
Rosele, M. I., Muneem, A., Ali, A. K., Che Seman, A., Haji Abdullah, L., Abdul Rahman, N. N., & Sukor, M. E. A. (2025). A proposed zakat model for digital assets from the Shariah perspective. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 18(3), 489–511. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-08-2024-0408
Sakti, A. D., Mahdani, J. N., Santoso, C., Ihsan, K. T. N., Nastiti, A., Shabrina, Z., Safira, M., Rohmat, F., Yulianto, F., & Virtriana, R. (2023). Optimizing city-level centralized wastewater management system using machine learning and spatial network analysis. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 32, 103360. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103360
Sama, D., Kpiagou, P., Gmakouba, M., Djagre, L., Gnagamago, A. G., Lakmon, L., Diallo, A., & Gnandi, K. (2025). Toxic trajectories: Modeling heavy metal-laden phosphate dust dispersion and multi-receptor health risks near Kpémé’s industrial zone. Results in Engineering, 27, 106160. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106160
Shi, X., Li, X., & Wang, T. (2025). Research on the tensions and driving factors of new infrastructure empowering urban resilience: Evidence from 31 provinces in China. Sustainable Cities and Society, 131, 106765. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2025.106765
Shi, Y. (2023). Literal translation extraction and free translation change design of Leizhou ancient residential buildings based on artificial intelligence and Internet of Things. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 56, 103092. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2023.103092
Shtrepi, L., Aletta, F., Aspöck, L., Astolfi, A., Fels, J., Hornikx, M., Jambroši?, K., Jeong, C.-H., Kahle, E., Llorca-Bofí, J., Rindel, J. H., Rychtáriková, M., Torresin, S., & Vorländer, M. (2024). Ten questions concerning Architectural Acoustics. Building and Environment, 265, 112012. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112012
Sikandar, S. M., Ali, S. M., & Hassan, Z. (2024). Harmonizing smart city tech and anthropocentrism for climate resilience and Nature’s benefit. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 10, 101026. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101026
Soleimanijavid, A., Konstantzos, I., & Liu, X. (2024). Challenges and opportunities of occupant-centric building controls in real-world implementation: A critical review. Energy and Buildings, 308, 113958. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.113958
Sufri, S., & Elvin, S. D. (2024). Implementation outcomes of disaster risk reduction (DRR) policy in public facilities (PFs): Aceh perspective, Indonesia. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 34(2), 223–250. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-06-2024-0162
Villanueva-Merino, A., Urra-Uriarte, S., Izkara, J. L., Campos-Cordobes, S., Aranguren, A., & Molina-Costa, P. (2024). Leveraging Local Digital Twins for planning age-friendly urban environments. Cities, 155, 105458. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105458
Webb, J., McKenzie, S., Doss, R., Gorur, R., Pye, G., & Yeoh, W. (2025). A user-centric taxonomy of cyber harm in the metaverse. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 81, 100734. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2025.100734
Xu, Y., Tao, X., Das, M., Kwok, H. H. L., Liu, H., Kuan, K. K. L., Lau, A. K. H., & Cheng, J. C. P. (2024). A blockchain-based framework for carbon management towards construction material and product certification. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 61, 102242. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2023.102242
Youssef, M. (2025). Theorising the contemporary architectural trends in the context of the twenty-first century variables. Frontiers of Architectural kResearch. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2025.10.011
Zhang, X., Sheng, Y., & Liu, Z. (2024). Using expertise as an intermediary: Unleashing the power of blockchain technology to drive future sustainable management using hidden champions. Heliyon, 10(1), e23807. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23807
Authors
Copyright (c) 2025 Rustiyana Rustiyana, Lucas Wong, Thomas Mitchell
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
